Evidence & concentration worksheet · Longevity & Mitochondrial Health
MOTS-C 5 mg
Human efficacy and a validated dose have not been established for this compound. The former regimen has been withheld; only concentration arithmetic remains available.
Evidence review
No established human dosing protocol
Human efficacy and a validated dose have not been established for this compound. The former regimen has been withheld; only concentration arithmetic remains available.
How it works
MOTS-c is an unusually short, 16-amino-acid peptide notable for where it comes from: it is encoded by mitochondrial DNA itself, within a region called MT-RNR1 that was previously thought to only produce ribosomal RNA. It belongs to a small, newly described class called mitochondrial-derived peptides, alongside a related molecule called humanin.[1]
It was first described in a 2015 study as a regulator of metabolic homeostasis in mice, and research interest since has focused on metabolism, exercise physiology, and cellular energy signaling rather than any established medical use.
Benefits & side effects
Detailed findings come from mouse and cell studies. In diet-induced-obesity mouse models, MOTS-c administration improved insulin-sensitivity measures and reduced weight gain.[1] A later study described MOTS-c as an exercise-induced regulator linked to age-related physical decline and muscle function in mice, with supporting human observations correlating circulating MOTS-c with age and exercise.[3]
These observational measurements are not trials of administering MOTS-c. In its 2026 review, FDA identified no clinical studies or human exposure data for MOTS-c free base or acetate by any route.[20]
Calculator
Concentration and measurement calculator
Use this only to check arithmetic from an authoritative product label, registered study protocol, or qualified clinician.
Arithmetic only — not a dose recommendation
Enter only a concentration and target supplied by an authoritative product label, a registered study protocol, or a qualified clinician. A correct conversion does not establish that a substance, vial, route, or dose is safe or effective.
Enter only a concentration and target supplied by an authoritative product label, a registered study protocol, or a qualified clinician. A correct conversion does not establish that a substance, vial, route, or dose is safe or effective.
Source concentration
Source-supplied target
References
References
- Cell Metabolism — MOTS-c in metabolic homeostasis and mouse obesity models (2015)
- Nature Communications — MOTS-c, exercise, and physical decline in mice with human observations (2021)
- U.S. FDA — Drugs@FDA approved-drug database (2026)
- U.S. FDA — July 2026 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting (2026)
- U.S. FDA — FDA briefing on MOTS-c-related bulk drug substances (2026)
- U.S. FDA — Bulk substances that may present significant compounding safety risks (2026)